Complete notes of Combustion and its sub topics with practice problem

Combustion is a chemical process in which a substance (usually a fuel) reacts with an oxidizing agent, releasing energy in the form of heat and light. It is a key phenomenon in energy production, industrial processes, and daily life activities. Let’s explore the science, types, and applications of combustion in detail. What is Combustion? Combustion…

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Pad steam Dyeing of cotton with Reactive Dye

Overview The pad steam dyeing process uses hydrophobic effects to improve dye fixation and reduce dye migration on cotton fabrics. Key parameters such as dye concentration, steaming temperature, time, pH, and hydrophobic agents are optimized to achieve fixation rates above 90%. This method enhances colorfastness, reduces dye wastage, and provides softer fabric finishes, though challenges…

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